Graphite
CIMA symbol: Grgrandfathered
Graphite is a native element or alloy mineral with the formula C, crystallizing in the hexagonal system. It has a Mohs hardness of 1-2, typically black or gray in color, with a dull or earthy luster, a specific gravity of 2.09-2.23. Its streak is black.
Photos
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Crystallography
| Crystal system | hexagonal crystal systemWikidata (CC0) |
|---|---|
| Space group | P 63 m c |
| Cell (Å, °) | a = 2.461, b = 2.461, c = 6.708; α = 90, β = 90, γ = 120 |
| Cell volume | 35.184 ų, Z = 4 |
| Axial ratios | 1.0000:1:2.7257calculated from COD 9012230 |
| Source structure | COD 9012230 (Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 1999) — 1 of 9 structures |
Powder X-ray diffraction (calculated)
| d (Å) | 3.354 | 2.031 | 1.155 | 1.677 | 1.23 | 1.543 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I/I₀ | 100 | 17.4 | 9.5 | 6.8 | 5.8 | 5.3 |
xrd-v1: CuKa1 1.5406A, 2theta 5-90, top10, Imax=100, no DW/PO. Computed from COD 9012230; idealized occupancies, no preferred orientation.
Physical properties
| Density (calculated) | 2.267 g/cm³calculated from COD 9012230 |
|---|---|
| Hardness (Mohs) | 1.5single sourceWikidata (CC0) 1-2single sourceDana, System of Mineralogy, 6th ed. (1892) |
| Specific gravity | 2.09-2.23 g/cm3corroboratedDana, System of Mineralogy, 6th ed. (1892) |
| Color | black, graysingle sourceDana, System of Mineralogy, 6th ed. (1892) |
| Streak | blacksingle sourceWikidata (CC0) |
| Luster | dull, earthy, metallicsingle sourceDana, System of Mineralogy, 6th ed. (1892) |
Chemistry (calculated)
| Molecular weight | 12.01 g/molcalculated from the IMA formula |
|---|---|
| Composition (wt%) | C 100% |
Classification
| Nickel-Strunz (10th) | 1.CB.05aWikidata (CC0) |
|---|---|
| Nickel-Strunz (9th) | 1.CB.05aWikidata (CC0) |
| Dana (8th) | 1.3.6.2Wikidata (CC0) |