Mineral Factbook

Reference data for mineral species: physical properties with citations, crystal structures from the open crystallographic record, calculated powder XRD patterns, and classification. Built from public-domain and open-licensed sources only; every value shows where it came from.

Popular minerals

• Diamond
• Quartz
• Opal
• Cinnabar
• Gypsum
• Pyrite
• Malachite
• Moissanite
• Turquoise
• Graphite
• Hematite
• Corundum
• Beryl
• Talc
• Calcite
• Topaz
• Zircon
• Kaolinite
• Spinel
• Hydroxylapatite
• Magnetite
• Galena
• Fluorite
• Chrysoberyl

Gems, varieties, and popular names

Familiar names that aren't formal species — what they are and which minerals they belong to.

• Achroite
• Adularia
• Agate
• Alabaster
• Alexandrite
• Amazonite
• Amber
• Amethyst
• Ametrine
• Andesine
• Aqua aura
• Aquamarine
• Asbestos
• Aventurine
• Bloodstone
• Bytownite
• Carnelian
• Chalcedony
• Chrome diopside
• Chrysoprase
• Citrine
• Demantoid
• Desert rose
• Emerald
• Fire opal
• Fool's gold
• Goldstone
• Goshenite
• Heliodor
• Herkimer diamond
• Hessonite
• Hiddenite
• Hyacinth (zircon)
• Iceland spar
• Indicolite
• Iolite
• Jade
• Jasper
• Jet
• Kunzite
• Labradorite
• Lapis lazuli
• Larimar
• Melanite
• Milky quartz
• Moldavite
• Moonstone
• Morganite
• Morion
• Mother of pearl
• Nephrite
• Obsidian
• Oligoclase
• Onyx
• Padparadscha
• Paraiba tourmaline
• Pearl
• Peridot
• Prasiolite
• Precious opal
• Red beryl
• Rhodolite
• Rock crystal
• Rose quartz
• Rubellite
• Ruby
• Rutilated quartz
• Sapphire
• Sard
• Satin spar
• Selenite
• Shungite
• Smoky quartz
• Specularite
• Sunstone
• Tanzanite
• Thulite
• Tiger's eye
• Tsavorite
• Verdelite
• Watermelon tourmaline

All minerals A–Z

800 species and counting — jump to a letter: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZÅ